creating and saving your own notes as you read. Patreon: https://www.patr. In contrast, the opposing German Army Group C only contained 19 divisions, fewer than a seventh of the force committed in the Manstein Plan for the invasion of France. The Nazis knew that the heart of the Maginot Line was nearly impenetrable, so they feinted attacks along the heavily fortified border while they planned for their massive 1940 invasion of France through the Netherlands and Belgium. He lives in Macon, Georgia, and is short, balding, and mean. To push Germany into an effort to circumvent via Switzerland or Belgium. After a humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the French built a ring of 19 heavily fortified military bases around the ancient city of Verdun in northeastern France near the borders with Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium. The Maginot Line was designed to resist attacks by aerial bombardment, artillery and ground forces. In the interval between world wars, several European countries built elaborate permanent fortifications. Outpost and Support Point line: Approximately 5km (3mi) behind the border, a line of anti-tank blockhouses that were intended to provide resistance to armoured assault, sufficient to delay the enemy to allow the crews of the C.O.R.F. They merely waited for a chance to launch a counterattack. the air battle, which lasted the into the fall of 1940. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. [50] Kaufmann and Kaufmann point to the Maginot Line along the Italian border, which "demonstrated the effectiveness of the fortifications when properly employed".[51]. [30] The entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action. The blocks contained infrastructure such as power stations, independent ventilating systems, barracks and mess halls, kitchens, water storage and distribution systems, hoists, ammunition stores, workshops and spare parts and food stores. The white family's home stands in stark contrast to the home the Breedloves live in. The Germans then broke through the fortification line as defending French forces retreated southward. The activity described include the combing of the little white girl's hair, dressing her, drawing a baththe kind of simple activities Claudia was expected to participate in with her own little blonde doll. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The main construction was largely completed by 1939, at the cost of around 3 billion French francs (around 3.9 billion in today's U.S. dollars worth). The genius behind these innovative fortifications was Sbastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who designed dozens of strongholds, including the magnificent fortified town of Neuf-Brisach in the contested Alsace-Lorraine region bordering Germany. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% for a group? "[44], The psychological factor of the Maginot Line has also been discussed. Mr. MacTeer: Claudia's father, Mr. MacTeer, is not present often in the book. "That's the part that fell apart for the Allies.". Renews March 8, 2023 The doctors dehumanize Pauline, and part of that dehumanization takes the form of refusing to look into her eyesbecause if they did, they would see her looking back at them, and encounter Pauline's undeniable humanness and her status as a subject (as opposed to purely an object). 9. on 50-99 accounts. Yet at the same time the girls sense is also the communities sense of the prostitutes. At the house where Polly Breedlove works, we see where Mrs. Breedlove gives most of her attention and love. By early June, the German forces had cut off the line from the rest of France, and the French government was making overtures for an armistice, which was signed on 22 June in Compigne. The thinness of her companions is then connected to whisky (again based on something that they have heard their mother say, but which they misunderstood), and so they undertake a quest to procure whisky for Frieda. He humiliates Cholly and turns his back on him, returning to his game of dice. The serpent is the largest remaining artifact from World War II. The line has since become a metaphor for expensive efforts that offer a false sense of security.[1]. During the advance to the English Channel, the Germans overran France's border defence with Belgium and several Maginot Forts in the Maubeuge area whilst the Luftwaffe simply flew over it. Dunion. A middle-class Black woman who, though she keeps house flawlessly and diligently cares for the physical appearances of herself and her family (including her husband, Louis, and her son, Junior), is essentially cold. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The Maginot Line was impervious . By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Frieda likewise demonstrates her love for her father by hitting Rosemary. On the balcony above the door, Marie (the Maginot Line) is having a drink of root-beer. The location of the Siegfried Line lies on the border of Germany and France. Struggling with distance learning? She is pretty, playful andaffectionate. Claudias mother, an authoritarian and sometimes callous woman who nonetheless steadfastly loves and protects her children. Elihue hates the animal and longs to poison it, but he convinces himself that he wishes to poison it for the animal's own sake. She lies to Claudia and Frieda, claiming that the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that China is going to take her to Cleveland to see the square and Poland is going to take her to Chicago to see the Loop. They associate being "ruined" with the prostitutes, as they sense it has something to do with distasteful sexual interactions like the one Frieda experienced, and assume because Miss Marie is fat, she must be ruined. Origin of Marie. The community knows. You can view our. As far as we know, Soaphead Church is the only mortal being to whom Pecola has revealed her wish, and his emotional reaction is admiration. The main fortifications of the line were still mostly intact, many commanders were prepared to hold out, and the Italian advance had been contained. The Maginot Line was the brainchild of Marshal Joseph Joffre, a French WWI general, but it was hardly a new idea. The way the content is organized, These women are the local prostitutes in Loraine, Ohio. France quickly extended the Maginot Line along the Franco-Belgian border, but not to the standard of the rest of the line. Claudia attempts to assuage Frieda's fear by telling her that, they walk around the side of the building to try the side door, they encounter, the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Kaufmann added that before construction in October 1927, the Superior Council of War adopted the final design for the line and identified that one of the main missions would be to deter a German cross-border assault with only minimal force to allow "the army time to mobilise. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. The Maginot Line tells them Pecola is at her mother's workplace, explaining that Mrs. . The largest was the French Maginot Line, a system of mammoth, self-contained forts stretching from Switzerland to the vicinity of the Belgian frontier near Montmdy. "Maginot and these other guys weren't dumb," says Kirchubel. The word cloche is a French term meaning bell due to its shape. Claudia's assumption that sexual interaction always feels good suggests an innocence that Frieda no longer has. "The Maginot Line was never meant to fight the war by itself. [20] Faced with a manpower shortage, French planners had to rely more on older and less fit reservists, who would take longer to mobilise and would diminish the French industry because they would leave their jobs. The color of eyes is not for looking, but for being looked at. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 He is a pedophile who loves to touch little girls. Miss Marie is overweight and kind, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is taciturn. In the wake of that catastrophic war, the French government vowed to protect its vulnerable northeast border with Germany from any future attacks. Free trial is available to new customers only. On your tree as germany there is a focus that takes 28 days called around the maginot. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the nearby playground. Middle-aged, he has never married and has a lecherous side. As a young boy, Cholly has a great friend in old Blue Jack, an older black man who works at the feed store. [4], Postwar assessment of whether the Maginot Line served its purpose has been mixed. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Still, Cain said that the location would be challenging to light and film inside and that artificial sets could be constructed at the studios for a fraction of the cost. When The Maginot Line asks if the girls are looking for someone, Claudia explains they are looking for Pecola. On a Saturday in spring, Claudia goes inside and finds Frieda crying. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. after World War 1, the French had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of Britain. More books than SparkNotes. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". "Bluest Eye Spring Summary and Analysis". [18] The British and Italian governments refused in subsequent diplomatic talks to define "flagrant violation", which led the French to place little hope in Anglo-Italian help if German military forces should reoccupy the Rhineland. [clarification needed] The line stretched from Switzerland to Luxembourg and a much lighter extension was extended to the Strait of Dover after 1934. Pauline's narrative is very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and rhythm of oral Black-American English. It was a series of bunkers, forts, turrets, and obstacles that spanned more than 450 miles of France's border with Germany. The MacTeers boarder, who has a reputation for being a steady worker and a quiet man. Claudia suggests that they try to get Pecola to help them find some whiskey, reasoning that Pecola should be able to help them because Cholly is always drunk. She takes care of the Fishers better than her own family, and there is a strange parallel between her care of the Fishers' daughter and the care of blonde dolls described by Claudia earlier in the novel. Read an in-depth analysis of Pecola Breedlove. The French side of this border is called the Maginot Line, where the French built a tremendous fortification across from the then Westwall/Hindenburg Line. They find Pecola at the back of one of the prettiest houses. Subscribe now. One of Cholly's happiest memories is of Blue Jack smashing a watermelon and sharing the heart with him. [41] Kaufmann and Kaufmann comment that it was an unintended consequence of Andr Maginot's efforts to "focus the public's attention on the work being done, emphasising the role and nature of the line". It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. Over time, she begins to devote all of her energy to taking care of the Fishers' home, and neglects her own home. Pecola, not knowing that the meat is poisoned, brings it to the dog. Beyond that, the French were well aware of the contribution of Britain and its dominions to the victory of 1918. They would be supplemented by reservists who lived in the local area and who could be quickly mobilised in an emergency. Published April 09, 2021 03:43:00. However, when the Germans attacked . In 1968, when scouting locations for On Her Majesty's Secret Service, producer Harry Saltzman used his French contacts to gain permission to use portions of the Maginot Line as SPECTRE headquarters in the film. After that, her marriage with Cholly deteriorates rapidly. How did this happen? Artillery troops operated the heavy guns, and the engineers were responsible for maintaining and operating other specialist equipment, including all communications systems. Line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished. But modern historians are increasingly making a bold claim: It wasn't the Maginot Line that failed, it was diplomacy and French armored tactics. They fought for four years in WWI, but were done in a week in WWII." | Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? She learns that Mr. MacTeer has beaten up Mr. Henry and kicked him out of the house. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. The boldest and most pivotal German line of attack ran through the dense Ardennes Forest in Belgium, which both the French and the other Allies had dismissed as impassable. They nerfed breaking through the line to the nth degree honestly. [18], French plans for an offensive in the 1920s were realistic, as Versailles had forbidden German conscription, and the Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Czechoslovakia also feared Hitler and began building its own defences. While an understanding of the Line's creation is vital to any study of World War I, World War II, and the period in between, this knowledge is also helpful when interpreting a number of modern references. Sometimes it can end up there. In contrast, Pecola spills blackish blueberries all over the floor, underlining the connection between blackness and mess. $24.99 You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Her mother reinforces this connection as well. These generally had two floors, with a firing level and a support/infrastructure level that provided the troops with rest and services (power-generating units, reserves of water, fuel, food, ventilation equipment, etc.). Flood Zones were natural basins or rivers that could be flooded on demand and thus constitute an additional obstacle in the event of an enemy offensive. 19 January 2021. You'll also receive an email with the link. GradeSaver, 27 August 2019 Web. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. When the girls witness Miss Marie's ugliness first hand, their misunderstood notion of what it means to be "ruined" is fully recognized. She feels real affection only for her cat. [47][48] More seriously, historians have noted rather than the Germans doing what the French had envisioned, the French played into the Germans' hand, culminating in their defeat. For the girls, the beauty of the homes likewise signifies their worth and the worth of the people who live in them. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Frieda and Claudia walk to the lakefront houses, in a beautiful neighborhood with a park that is for white children only. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. 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