So, Van Sertima had his conclusion in mind first, and looked for evidence for itmeaning he was telling just-so stories. This doesnt seem to be an official recording. When I thought about it more, I realized that in high school and probably prior I had learned about American History, Western European History, the dynasties of China and Egypt, but what about where my people were likely from? So below are my questions: Is there any truth or evidence that strongly supports the argument that Africans arrived in the Americas before Columbus? However, some of the biggest resting points of his theory attribute Mesoamerican pyramids, mummification, symbolism, mythology, calendar technology, and much of the art to African influence and guidance. So basically the vast majority of scholars reject Afrocentrism, but are too afraid to say so in public. At the time that the dominant narrative of the origins of ancient Egyptian civilization emerged, the use of African slaves was well into effect. Weiant, who had a PhD in archaeology, also wrote numerous articles on extrasensory perception and was an active member of the. Read more Print length 336 pages Language English Publisher Random House Trade Paperbacks Publication date September 23, 2003 Dimensions He was asked to write a magazine piece simplifying and summarizing Weiner. The book is a special May selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club and Tandom House is about to publish a second printing. For example, Van Sertimas claims that the Olmec heads are Negroid due to the broad flat noses runs into a major problem: nose shape is dictated by climate; the climate of Mesoamerica and Africa is similar; the function of nose shape is to moisten air before it goes into the lungs; therefore, since climate is dictated by nose shape and the climate of Mesoamerica and Africa is similar, then they have similar-shaped noses due to the climate they lived in. on Sept. 2, 1948. Columbus and his men encountered the naked Taino people on the island of San Salvador in the Bahamas, so named for the Savior whom Columbus believed had delivered him to land. Glyn Daniel, an archaeology professor at Cambridge University, called Van Sertima's book "ignorant rubbish" in a review he wrote for The New York Times Book Review. If each piece of evidence and argument was listed, the list would be as long as the index. Some paint their faces, others the whole body, some only round the eyes, others only on the nose. Van Sertima was convinced there was a connection between ancient Africa and the Americas. Reportedly, from American historian and linguist Leo Weiner of Harvard Universitys book Africa and the Discovery of America (Ill have to add that one to the list too) in one of Columbuss journals there is an account of a statement by the Native Americans saying that they had encountered black people prior to the arrival of Columbus. Sailing, especially such great distances, was not an achievement that was typically attributed to Africans of that time, but it would have been necessary to reach the Americas. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. "While I was doing it," he recalls, "I asked myself why was I studying African writers in English.Why didn't I know an African language? Columbus never claimed that he saw black people in the Americas. The two likely were not even alive at the same time period. The story of Hannibal of Carthage always stuck with me since high school, though his story was told probably because of its relation to European history. THEY GAME GOLUM BUS The African Presence in Ancient America Ivan Van Sertima Ncruma] has demonstrated that there is far more to hlach history than the trade. Zinn perpetuates Koning's smears. While many found Van Sertimas scholarship flawed, his theory has many supporters. This book is dense with presented evidence and deserves serious study. Experts have determined that the gourds floated across the Atlantic and washed ashore in the Americas to be adopted by Mesoamerican cultures. In doing this, primary source anecdotes are often the evidence cited by Van Sertima combined with inference and exaggeration, though he implies to his readers that the narrative is based in fact. Barbour, the first African-American to earn a doctorate in archaeology, is an expert on Mesoamerican culture and associate scientific director of the African Burial Ground Project in Lower Manhattan. But where did Menzies come up with the idea that it was Asians, not Europeans, who first arrived in America from other countries? Keep reading with unlimited digital access. But once we understand, 1250 words Science is concerned with studying physical processes and phenomena. We need to know about the time when we had empires. [5] They further noted that in the 1980s, Van Sertima had changed his timeline of African influence, suggesting that Africans made their way to the New World in the 10th century B.C., to account for more recent independent scholarship in the dating of Olmec culture. The majority of us here in America the descendant of slaves were already aboriginal in America and were the slave population of choice. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. Van Sertima claimed that Bakari II had a fleet of ships and set off from the west coast of Africa across the Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico and influenced the Vera Cruz region of what is now modern-day Mexico. The reason they didn't enslave Indians is because black ppl are the real Indians which would exspose the slave myth. In TCBC, Van Sertima (1972: 39) reconstructed an event in the medieval empire of Mali, based on Arab historical and travel documents and the oral tradition of the Mali griots. Chapters 3 and 4 do, indeed, read like some sort of fantastical tale, so I am glad that Van Sertima left the notebut it is quite clear that he is doing nothing but storytelling. In the library of a Princeton professor, he came across three volumes, "Africa and the Discovery of America," written by a Harvard Linquist, Leo Weiner, and published more than 50 years ago. Haslip-Vierra, de Montellano and Barbour. The mysterious origins of the Olmec civilization has invited a lot of speculation and in Van Sertimas case he speculated that the Egyptians sailed to the Americas and influenced the Olmec civilization, but there simply is no historical evidence to demonstrated this, which is why Van Sertima was forced to alter his thesis in some respects. Wow, so you (your black ancestors) got there before the Indians and the Europeans? It was with the coming of Columbus that the twilight of the red and black races began. Van Sertima also includes photos of an African man and woman for comparison, but he does not include pictures of inhabitants of the area where the artifacts were found. I am not completely dismissive of the idea that Abu Bakr could have in fact successfully arrived in the Americas. No man who believes his history began with slavery can be a healthy man. Recently, I've been handed a book called "They Came before Columbus" by Ivan Sertima, which asserts that Africans had discovered and traded with the native people of the Americas long before Columbus arrived. The African presence in America before Columbus is of importance not only to African and American history but to the history of world civilizations. Dr James Thompson Psychological Comments, Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997: 431. My best guess would be from somewhere(s) in west and/or maybe central Africa. What country did your, say, grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever come from?. Genome-wide ancestry estimates of African Americans show average proportions of73.2% African, 24.0% European, and 0.8% Native American ancestry, according to The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States study published by U.S. National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health. [18] I really have no idea. Also, Van Sertimas case could be strengthened if statues and art known to intended to depict Native Americans were also shown in comparison. The g-spot has been referred to as the female prostate (Puppo, 2014) and, 2550 words Steatopygia is an extreme accumulatation of large amounts of fat on the buttocks, and is also known as obesity in the coccyx (Wallner, 2400 words In the year 2000, psychologist Erik Turkheimer proposed three laws of behavioral genetics (LoBG hereafter): First Law. Human Biodiversity, IQ, Evolutionary Psychology, Epigenetics and Evolution, Home Refuting Afrocentrism They Did Not Come Before Columbus. All human behavioral traits are, 4150 words Introduction It is claimed that genes (DNA sequences) have a special, privileged role in the development of all traits. Are you prioritizing your cable entertainment bill over protecting and investing in your family? Highlighted Ogham found on the Isle of Man - Credit: ViewTeam (Author provided) 1337 Words. "[20][n 2], In 1981 Dean R. Snow, a professor of anthropology, wrote that Van Sertima "uses the now familiar technique of stringing together bits of carefully selected evidence, each surgically removed from the context that would give it a rational explanation". However, Columbus actually sent back on a mail boat to Spain, samples of these gold-tipped metal spears. They noted that no "genuine African artifact had been found in a controlled archaeological excavation in the New World." Despite this, some individuals would argue: A mass colony of Africans were not shipped from Africa to America. When the cheerleading coach broke the news to Katrina Kohel that she was the only one left on the cheer squad, Kohel was determined to compete anyway. pic.twitter.com/c0OjXNOVqt, Black Americans Have the Highest Mortality Rates But Lowest Levels of Life Insurance This video is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Ivan Van Sertima who made is transition on May 25th, 2009. Van Sertima added, How many of us know the African influence on ancient Greece and Rome? Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. Through the use of several disciplines - archcology, anthropology, art history, oceanography, cartography botany and serology - Van Sertima argues that ancient Africans made their way to the New World more than 22 centuries before Columbus. They never did import Africans as slaves because slave ships aren't real. [9] I noted before that Van Sertimas claims were flawed in some respects, but his arguments were still logical in certain respects and he did attempt to provide documentation for at least some of his claims even if at times the documentation he presented was misleading. I can only assume that Van Sertima is largely responsible for this line of thinking which was largely debunked then and is especially debunked today . They then raised their discovery to the community at large, but it was quickly disregarded as being impossible under the logic that no Europeans had visited the Americas before Columbus. Of course I was taken aback by the bold claim. I'm trying to follow all the rules but forgive me if this is a bit vague. Alas, none exist. There was Nelson Mandelas fight against apartheid in South Africa. "The problem was not that the research hadn't been done," he says, "but that no one had examined the available documents and material and pulled from together.". Dwayne is the author of Kingdoms and Civilizations of Africa and several other books on African and African Diaspora history. In They Came Before Columbus, Van Sertima argues that Egyptian journey to the Americas happened during the rule of the 25th dynasty, which was the Kushite dynasty that ruled Egypt. She also planned to publish a book of his poetry.[25]. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Sabres place Alex Tuch on injured reserve; top-line winger's status is uncertain, Paula's Donuts to move Clarence store that faced backlash for tax breaks to Amherst, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Chad Hall's departure from Buffalo Bills to Jaguars remains a bit of a mystery. Ivan Van Sertima They Came Before Columbus : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. The accounts of people such as Christopher Columbus himself, Spanish travelers, and Herodotus, though, are harder to debate. Never seen a more deluded person. He researched the book at the British Museum, and in libraries at Princeton, London University and Douglas College, and the corresponded with scholars all over the world. In doing field work in Africa, he compiled a dictionary of Swahili legal terms in 1967. According to Dr. Van Sertima, whose book "They Came Before Columbus" (Random House, 1976) suggests Africans were in the New World before Columbus's journeys, the mainstream of academia. Other stone heads have been uncovered in Mexico. First discovered by Charles Spearman in 1904, noting that schoolchildren, 1550 words Introduction The role of the Jews in the slave tradeand in the civil warhas garnered a great amount of scholarly attention. [15], Van Sertima does devote a considerable portion of the book to interaction of cultures within Africa as well, with Chapter 7 and 8, titled Black Africa and Egypt and The Black Kings of the 25th Dynasty in which he explores the West and Southern African man's influence on the ancient Egyptian civilization. In addition to his creative writing, Van Sertima completed his undergraduate studies in African languages and literature at SOAS in 1969, where he graduated with honours.[6][7][8]. Review of They Came Before Columbus by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, Their Eyes were upon me: Learning of Nephilim, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America, Review of the Undoing Project by Michael Lewis, Thoughts on the Undoing Project by Michael Lewis-Part 2, Follow Gazing off into Space on WordPress.com. How convenient. However, anthropologists and archaeologists who specialized in Mesoamerican history, rightly, reject Van Sertimas storytelling. "Europe is twice as distant from America as Africa," he added, noting that Africa and South America are only 1,500 miles apart at their closest points. Black settlements developed at the end points of major currents from Africa, he contended. All of these claims are incrediblewhich means that they deserve incredible evidence in order to verify them. Apparently she had read the the book They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America (Journal of African Civilizations) by Ivan Van Sertima and was buying what he was selling. Barbour of the University at Buffalo. One of the most baffling claims to me is the idea that the slave trade happened in reverse and that Native Americans were shipped to Africa, not the other way around. In addition, there are stories of Egyptian mariners. Some paint themselves white, others red, and others of what color they find. However, Afrocentrists then make the claim that the natives of Mesoamerica regarded them as gods, and so they sculpted these statues in order to honor them (sounds like Ancient Aliens, to me). What is the view of historians in general? [24] He was survived by his wife and four adult children. 6 Pages. Most average 5-year olds with decent critical thinking ability can spot the cracks in the theory. When the metallurgists in Spain assayed these spears, they found they were identical, not similar, but were identical in their ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys as spears then being forged in African Guinea.. brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America.Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America originally published in 1976 was written by professor Dr. Ivan Van Sertima. And he started work, using his own money. In doing so, he also attempts to combat the perceived inferiority of black Africans due to their perceived lack of technological or cultural advancements prior to colonialism in Africa. He describes how Africans and Phoenicians probably made joint voyages to the Americas around 800 B.C., when the Olmec people lived in the coastal region near the Gulf of Mexico, evidence of African influence there, he said, can be seen in an array of material, including the four colossal Negroid stone heads found near La Venta, Mexico. But early African contact, by free peoples, is being viewed in school curriculum development as a source of pride for a large segment of the modern school population, to counter what Van Sertima termed "disrespect for the Africans" who had built early civilizations and empires in their own homelands long before European contact. There is a heated online debate about how Black Americans came to America. Van Sertima spent his career pushing pseudoscience of this type, even editing and publishing most of his own work in his own edited journals (because other journals would not accept his fringe work). Phil Valentine is even more confused. This finding flatly contradicted the claim of the historian Herodotus that the Egyptians, compared to the Greeks and other European Caucasoids, were for the most part a black-skinned and wooly-haired people. Recently, I've been handed a book called "They Came before Columbus" by Ivan Sertima, which asserts that Africans had discovered and traded with the native people of the Americas long before Columbus arrived. [3][n 1], Van Sertima was born in Kitty Village, near Georgetown, in what was then the colony of British Guiana (present-day Guyana); he retained his British citizenship throughout his life. Furthermore, Van Sertima, quite wildly, claims that since the Olmec heads were black then they must have represented African people. Learn how your comment data is processed. (AP Photo). Columbus is such a late-comer that it is almost silly to compare anybody's arrival to his. Im not sure how legal that is, but I say thanks. Saying slave ships are a myth is a whole new level of ignorance . In Chapter Four, "Africans Across the Sea", Van Sertima explores numerous ways that he claims Africans could have travelled by boat to South and Central America. [6] Also in 1979, Van Sertima founded the Journal of African Civilizations, which he exclusively edited and published for decades.[6][12]. When evidence came out refuting Van Sertimas storytelling, he concocted an ad hoc hypothesis to save his hypothesis from immunization. Mansa Musa took the throne after the previous ruler, Abu Bakr II, went on an expedition to sail the Atlantic Ocean. This interaction is not rooted in historical evidence and Van Sertima does not offer a cited source to back up his narrative. here is no question but that the book is landmark." John A- Wi am. In this book, the author presents evidence and arguments for the existence of black Africans in America before the arrival of Columbus and the beginning of the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1492. As the dogma slowly gets pushed out of science and history we are coming to realize that people of all. Van Sertima quit and wrote the series for an independent company. Many historians have worked at debunking the "They Came Before Columbus" and "Africans Were Already In America" myth. A certain kind of shadow lifts. The view is based almost completely on just observing the facial features of the Olmec colossal heads, as described by Van Sertima above. They say slavery lasted 400 yrs America is only 250 yrs old You ever seen a slave ship ? Should we give reparations to black Americans, being that they, 5500 words Introduction Hereditarians champion Asians (specifically East Asians) as proof of their gene-centric worldviewthat their genetic constitution allows their stellar performance in educational and, 2100 words Many people believe that a thing called the G-spotGrafenberg spotexists. However, archaeological work has indicated that the foundations of Olmec cultureand indeed all of Mesoamerican culturehad its beginnings in Mesoamerica long before the Olmec appeared on the scence. Not only because of the apparent Asian features of some of the Olmec sculptures, but Xu also attempted to draw a connection between the Olmec script and Chinese characters. The Pseudohistory of Who Discovered America", "Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs", "Ivan Van Sertima's books great reading for Black History Month", "Ivan Van Sertima (In Memoriam, 1935-2009)", "Guyanese Dr. Ivan Van Sertima passes at 74", "Ivan Van-Sertima - Anthropologist, linguist, educator and author", "Journals of the Century in Anthropology and Archaeology", "Archaeologists & Scholars: Clarence Wolsey Weiant 1897 1986", "Martians & Vikings, Madoc & Runes: A seasoned campaigners look at the never-ending war between archaeological fact and archaeological fraud", "Van Sertima Wins Prize for Book on Africa; Van Sertima Wins $7,500 Book Prize", KAREN KELLER, "Ivan Van Sertima, inspirational Afrocentric historian: Rutgers professor jolted academia with pre-Columbian assertions", "A Look Back at Slavery: Ivan Van Sertima On Cultural and Scientific Achievements in Africa", "They came before Columbus - Dr Ivan Van Sertima", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Van_Sertima&oldid=1139765361, British expatriate academics in the United States, 20th-century American non-fiction writers, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1999, "The Lost Science of Africa: An Overview", in, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 20:06. The book deals mostly with his arguments for an African origin of Mesoamerican culture in the Western Hemisphere. Open Document. Van Sertima said: "Many people feel a certain kind of happiness when they read my book. In the first place, there are no Egyptian historical records which suggest that the Egyptians ever sailed to America or even attempted such a journey. Sidenote: I enjoyed the story of Mali in Chapter 3. When you push one door, other doors begin to open.". They wear the hairs brought down to the eyebrows, except a few locks behind, which they wear long and never cut. But Van Sertima always defended his book. . So total is the Euro-Americans onslaught on black people that . Barbour, the first African-American to earn a. (LogOut/ Later forced immigrations by Africans to the New World as slaves, and the subsequent development of African-American culture, played a far greater role in shaping the Americas of the 20th century. Thus, historians of the time removed, ignored, or minimized any evidence of black contributions to ancient Egyptian civilization. The occasion was his first visit to the United States from Britain, where he was working in 1970. Probably Columbus did not believe this and that fact in itself would not be enough because the so-called Black people could be any people. What did we believe in? Winters writes: The first civilization to appear in America, called the Olmec culture was founded by AfricansThe original Maya were probably AfricansThe Aztecs, Zapotecs, Toltecs, and Maya usually occupied urban centers built by Africans, or Afro-Indians. (Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997: 431). All parties remained peaceful, and Columbus specifically instructed his crews not to take advantage of the Indians. Van Sertima also argued it was Columbus himself who suggested that Africans were in the Americas before he was. There is far more to Black history than the slave trade alright. Also, some other West African countries had been known to both fish by boat and sail. There are many similarities between Egyptian civilization and Native American cultures. Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. "Human beings in any population have a great deal of variation," pointed out Barbour, whose methodical approach contrasted sharply with Van Sertima's more theatrical arguments. Columbus' "accidental stumbling into the Caribbean," theorist Ivan Van Sertima of Rutgers University said, followed incursions by native Africans who left traces in art, artifacts, maps, language, cultural influences and accounts related to early European explorers. Though Egypt is located in Africa, typically little of its success has been attributed to black people, but rather to those who migrated from the Middle East. pre-Columbian contact between Africa and the Americas, "Goodbye Columbus? I was a friend of de Montellanos and many years ago we used to debunk Afrocentrists aka Afronuts on several forums (he posted as Quetzalcoatl on Egyptsearch), but he died I think in 2016. Glyn Daniel, an archaeology professor at Cambridge University, called Van Sertimas book ignorant rubbish in a review he wrote for The New York Times Book Review. Any other significant information about the history of my people tended to start with, we were slaves. In fact, Columbus writes that they were not black. There is hardly a claim in any of Van Sertimas writings that can be supported by the evidence found in the archaeological, botanical, linguistic, or historical record. Ocean currents such as the Guinea and Canary currents were likely to have aided Africans sailing to America as well. Others hold true to the story of the American slave trade in which enslaved Africans were brought to Americas shores to provide free labor to build the country and grow the economy. [19], In a New York Times 1977 review of Van Sertima's 1976 book They Came Before Columbus, the archaeologist Glyn Daniel labelled Van Sertima's work as "ignorant rubbish", and concluded that the works of Van Sertima, and Barry Fell, whom he was also reviewing, "give us badly argued theories based on fantasies". This work was published by Random House and did not go through a peer review process. Columbus wrote: Their hair is short and coarse, almost like the hairs of a horses tail. Determined that the gourds floated across the Atlantic Ocean I am not completely dismissive of the Africa... Any evidence of black contributions to ancient Egyptian civilization a slave ship themselves! Black ancestors ) got there before the Indians Native American cultures did not go through a peer review process yrs. Aided Africans sailing to America as well yrs old you ever seen a slave ship observing the features. 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